Lección de Vocabulario: Procesos Jurídicos en Inglés

 Lección de Vocabulario: Procesos Jurídicos ⚖️

En esta lección, aprenderás vocabulario en inglés relacionado con procesos jurídicos y el sistema legal, incluyendo términos sobre juicios, tribunales, delitos y procedimientos legales.

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1. Principales Instituciones y Profesiones Legales 🏛️

Español	Inglés	Ejemplo
Tribunal / Corte	Court	The case will go to court.
Juez	Judge	The judge made a fair decision.
Abogado / Abogada	Lawyer / Attorney	She is a criminal lawyer.
Fiscal	Prosecutor	The prosecutor presented strong evidence.
Defensor público	Public defender	A public defender was assigned to him.
Testigo	Witness	The witness testified in court.
Jurado	Jury	The jury reached a verdict.
Demandante	Plaintiff	The plaintiff filed a lawsuit.
Demandado	Defendant	The defendant pleaded not guilty.
Policía	Police officer	The police officer arrested the suspect.

📌 Ejemplo de conversación:
👨 A: Who will represent you in court?
👩 B: My attorney will handle my case.

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2. Tipos de Casos Legales ⚖️

Español	Inglés	Ejemplo
Caso civil	Civil case	This is a civil case, not criminal.
Caso penal	Criminal case	The criminal case involves robbery.
Demanda	Lawsuit	She filed a lawsuit against the company.
Juicio	Trial	The trial lasted for three weeks.
Apelación	Appeal	The lawyer filed an appeal.
Acuerdo	Settlement	They reached a settlement out of court.
Condena	Sentence	He received a 10-year sentence.
Indemnización	Compensation	The victim received compensation.

📌 Ejemplo:

• The trial starts next Monday. → El juicio comienza el próximo lunes.

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3. Procedimientos Legales 📜

Español	Inglés	Ejemplo
Arresto	Arrest	The suspect was arrested last night.
Acusación	Accusation	The accusation was false.
Pruebas	Evidence	There was no evidence against him.
Testimonio	Testimony	Her testimony was crucial to the case.
Declaración	Statement	The witness gave a statement.
Interrogatorio	Interrogation	The police conducted an interrogation.
Juicio con jurado	Jury trial	He requested a jury trial.
Alegato	Plea	The defendant entered a guilty plea.
Veredicto	Verdict	The jury gave a guilty verdict.
Sentencia	Sentence	The judge announced the sentence.

📌 Ejemplo de conversación:
👩 A: What was the verdict?
👨 B: The jury found him not guilty.

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4. Tipos de Delitos 🚔

Español	Inglés	Ejemplo
Robo	Theft	Theft is a serious crime.
Hurto	Shoplifting	He was caught shoplifting.
Asalto	Assault	He was charged with assault.
Fraude	Fraud	Financial fraud is a common crime.
Corrupción	Corruption	The politician was accused of corruption.
Homicidio	Homicide	Homicide cases require detailed investigation.
Secuestro	Kidnapping	Kidnapping is a federal crime.
Soborno	Bribery	Bribery is illegal in most countries.
Perjurio	Perjury	Perjury is lying under oath.

📌 Ejemplo:

• He was arrested for fraud. → Fue arrestado por fraude.

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5. Derechos y Normas Legales 📖

Español	Inglés	Ejemplo
Derechos humanos	Human rights	Freedom of speech is a human right.
Constitución	Constitution	The constitution protects citizens' rights.
Ley	Law	Everyone must obey the law.
Regulación	Regulation	New regulations were introduced.
Código penal	Criminal code	The criminal code defines offenses.
Código civil	Civil code	The civil code covers contracts.
Contrato	Contract	Both parties signed the contract.
Cláusula	Clause	The contract has a strict clause.

📌 Ejemplo:

• The constitution guarantees basic human rights. → La constitución garantiza derechos humanos básicos.

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6. Expresiones Útiles en el Ámbito Legal 🗣️

Español	Inglés
¿Necesita un abogado?	Do you need a lawyer?
Tiene derecho a guardar silencio.	You have the right to remain silent.
Está bajo arresto.	You are under arrest.
Voy a presentar una demanda.	I am going to file a lawsuit.
Se declaró culpable.	He pleaded guilty.
El juez dictó sentencia.	The judge issued the sentence.
La policía está investigando el caso.	The police are investigating the case.

📌 Ejemplo de conversación:
👨 A: Do you think the defendant is guilty?
👩 B: I’m not sure. The evidence is weak.