Lección: Familia y Relaciones Personales en Inglés (Vocabulario)

 1. Miembros de la Familia

A. Familia Cercana (Immediate Family)

Estos son los familiares más cercanos, con los que convivimos diariamente.

Español	Inglés	Ejemplo
Madre	Mother	My mother is a doctor.
Padre	Father	His father works in a bank.
Mamá	Mom / Mum (UK)	My mom loves cooking.
Papá	Dad	His dad is very funny.
Padres	Parents	My parents are from Spain.
Hijo	Son	Their son is five years old.
Hija	Daughter	My daughter loves reading.
Hermano	Brother	I have one older brother.
Hermana	Sister	She has a younger sister.
Esposo / Marido	Husband	Her husband is a teacher.
Esposa	Wife	My wife is an architect.

Nota: En inglés, "parent" se refiere a uno de los padres, mientras que "parents" se refiere a ambos.

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B. Familia Extendida (Extended Family)

Incluye a los familiares que no viven en la misma casa, como tíos, primos y abuelos.

Español	Inglés	Ejemplo
Abuelo	Grandfather	My grandfather is 80 years old.
Abuela	Grandmother	Her grandmother bakes delicious cakes.
Abuelos	Grandparents	My grandparents live in the countryside.
Nieto	Grandson	Their grandson loves soccer.
Nieta	Granddaughter	She has a beautiful granddaughter.
Tío	Uncle	My uncle is my dad’s brother.
Tía	Aunt	Her aunt is a nurse.
Primo / Prima	Cousin	My cousin lives in New York.
Sobrino	Nephew	His nephew is very smart.
Sobrina	Niece	She bought a gift for her niece.

📌 Dato interesante:

• En inglés, "cousin" se usa tanto para primos como primas, no hay diferencia de género.

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C. Familia Política (In-laws)

Se refiere a los familiares adquiridos a través del matrimonio.

Español	Inglés	Ejemplo
Suegro	Father-in-law	His father-in-law is very kind.
Suegra	Mother-in-law	My mother-in-law cooks very well.
Yerno	Son-in-law	They like their son-in-law.
Nuera	Daughter-in-law	Her daughter-in-law is very nice.
Cuñado	Brother-in-law	My brother-in-law is a lawyer.
Cuñada	Sister-in-law	She is very close to her sister-in-law.

📌 Regla: La expresión "-in-law" significa "político/a", indicando una relación por matrimonio.

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2. Estados Civiles y Relaciones Personales 💍❤️

Español	Inglés	Ejemplo
Soltero/a	Single	He is single and happy.
Casado/a	Married	They have been married for 10 years.
Comprometido/a	Engaged	She is engaged to a doctor.
Divorciado/a	Divorced	My parents are divorced.
Separado/a	Separated	They are separated but still friends.
Viudo/a	Widowed	Her grandmother is widowed.
Pareja	Partner	She and her partner live together.
Novio	Boyfriend	Her boyfriend is very romantic.
Novia	Girlfriend	His girlfriend is an artist.
Esposo/a	Spouse	Your spouse should be your best friend.

📌 Diferencia importante:

• Boyfriend / Girlfriend = Novio/a en una relación.
• Fiancé / Fiancée = Prometido/a antes del matrimonio.
• Husband / Wife = Esposo/a después del matrimonio.

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3. Términos Relacionados con la Familia y las Relaciones

A. Relaciones Familiares

Español	Inglés	Ejemplo
Hijo único	Only child	He is an only child.
Hermanos (ambos sexos)	Siblings	I have three siblings.
Mellizos	Twins	They are identical twins.
Padrastro	Stepfather	Her stepfather raised her.
Madrastra	Stepmother	His stepmother is very kind.
Hermanastro/a	Stepbrother / Stepsister	She has a stepbrother.
Medio hermano/a	Half-brother / Half-sister	I have a half-sister from my dad's side.
Adoptado/a	Adopted	He is adopted but loves his family.

📌 Diferencia entre "step-" y "half-"

• Stepbrother / Stepsister = Hermano/a por la unión de los padres (sin relación de sangre).
• Half-brother / Half-sister = Hermanos con un solo padre o madre en común.

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B. Otras Expresiones Comunes

Expresión en Inglés	Significado
Family tree	Árbol genealógico
Close-knit family	Familia unida
Blended family	Familia mixta (con hijos de relaciones anteriores)
Like father, like son	De tal palo, tal astilla
The black sheep of the family	La oveja negra de la familia
Runs in the family	Es de familia / Es hereditario
My better half	Mi media naranja

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4. Ejemplos de Conversaciones en Inglés

📌 Ejemplo 1: Hablando de la familia
👩: Do you have any siblings? (¿Tienes hermanos?)
👨: Yes, I have one older brother and a younger sister. (Sí, tengo un hermano mayor y una hermana menor.)

📌 Ejemplo 2: Presentando a un familiar
👩: This is my cousin, Sarah. (Esta es mi prima, Sarah.)
👨: Nice to meet you, Sarah! (¡Encantado de conocerte, Sarah!)

📌 Ejemplo 3: Hablando del estado civil
👩: Are you married? (¿Estás casado?)
👨: No, I’m single. (No, estoy soltero.)