1. El Pasado Simple (Past Simple)
El pasado simple se
utiliza para indicar una acción que comenzó y finalizó en un
momento específico del pasado. Puede referirse a un pasado remoto o cercano,
pero la acción ya no tiene validez en el presente.
A. Estructura de las
oraciones
La estructura varía si
usamos el verbo "To Be" (ser/estar) o cualquier otro
verbo.
Con
el verbo "To Be" (Was / Were):
- Afirmativa: Sujeto + was/were + complemento.
- Ejemplo: I was happy yesterday.
- Negativa: Sujeto + wasn't/weren't + complemento.
- Ejemplo: They weren't sad last night.
- Interrogativa: Was/Were + sujeto + complemento?.
- Ejemplo: Was he interested in the movie?.
Con otros verbos
(regulares e irregulares):
- Afirmativa: Sujeto + verbo en pasado + complemento.
- Ejemplo: I played tennis last Friday.
- Negativa: Sujeto + didn't +
verbo en infinitivo + complemento.
- Ejemplo: She didn't go to the party.
- Interrogativa: Did + sujeto + verbo en infinitivo +
complemento?.
- Ejemplo: Did you watch the movie?.
B. Verbos Regulares e
Irregulares
- Regulares: Se les añade -ed o -d al
final.
- Regla: Si termina en "e", solo añades
"d" (live -> lived).
- Si termina en consonante + "y",
cambias la "y" por "i" y añades "ed" (study
-> studied).
- Irregulares: Cambian completamente su forma o
no cambian en absoluto; no siguen un patrón fijo y deben memorizarse.
- Ejemplos: Go -> went Eat -> ate Buy ->
bought.
Ejercicios: Pasado Simple
Instrucciones: Completa las siguientes oraciones
transformando el verbo entre paréntesis al pasado simple, siguiendo la
estructura (afirmativa, negativa o interrogativa) indicada.
·
Afirmativa: She __________
(visit) her grandmother last weekend.
·
Negativa: We
__________ (not / be) at home yesterday afternoon.
·
Interrogativa: __________
you __________ (see) the dentist yesterday?
·
Afirmativa: They __________
(eat) pizza for dinner last night.
·
Negativa: He
__________ (not / study) for the exam, so he failed.
·
Interrogativa: __________
it __________ (rain) in London two days ago?
|
Tipo de Oración |
Con "To
Be" (was/were) |
Con Otros Verbos (eat, play, go) |
|
Afirmar |
Sujeto + was/were |
Sujeto + Verbo-ed / Irregular |
|
Negar |
Sujeto + wasn't/weren't |
Sujeto + didn't + Verbo
normal |
|
Preguntar |
Was/Were + Sujeto? |
Did + Sujeto + Verbo normal? |
2. El Pasado Continuo (Past Continuous)
Se utiliza para
describir una acción que estaba en desarrollo (en progreso) en
un momento determinado del pasado. A menudo se usa para establecer el contexto
de una historia.
A. Estructura de las
oraciones
Se forma usando el
pasado del verbo to be (was/were) y el verbo principal
con la terminación -ing.
- Afirmativa: Sujeto + was/were +
verbo-ing + complemento.
- Ejemplo: I was reading a
book.
- Negativa: Sujeto + wasn't/weren't +
verbo-ing + complemento.
- Ejemplo: They weren't watching TV.
- Interrogativa: Was/Were + sujeto + verbo-ing +
complemento?.
- Ejemplo: Were you studying at
8 PM?.
Ejercicios: Pasado Continuo (Progressive)
Instrucciones: Completa las oraciones usando la forma correcta de
was/were + el verbo en -ing.
·
Afirmativa: At 10 PM last night, I ________________________________________ (sleep) deeply.
·
Negativa: They ________________________________________ (not / listen) when the teacher explained the
rules.
·
Interrogativa: ________________ she __________________________________ (work) on her
computer when you arrived?
·
Afirmativa: We ___________________________________________ (have) dinner when the
lights went out.
·
Negativa: It ____________________________________________ (not / rain) this
morning, so I didn't take an umbrella.
·
Interrogativa: ________________ you _________________________________ (wait) for the
bus for a long time?
·
Afirmativa: The kids ____________________________________ (play) in the garden while
their dad cooked.
·
Negativa: I ___________________________________ (not / feel) well yesterday, so I
stayed in bed.
·
Afirmativa: My phone _________________________________________ (ring) constantly
during the meeting.
·
Interrogativa: ______________________________ the birds _______________________________
(sing) outside your window?
3. Diferencias y Combinación: When vs. While
Es muy común usar
ambos tiempos para mostrar que una acción larga fue interrumpida por
una corta.
|
Acción larga: Pasado Continuo. |
Acción corta
(interrupción): Pasado Simple. |
When (Cuando): Generalmente introduce
la acción corta en pasado simple.
Ejemplo: I was
sleeping when the phone rang.
While (Mientras): Generalmente introduce
la acción larga en pasado continuo.
Ejemplo: While she was
cooking, I was setting the table.
Ejercicios: Pasado Simple
vs. Continuo}
Instrucciones: Lee el
contexto y completa cada oración con la forma correcta de los verbos en
paréntesis.
1.
When + Simple Past: I _________________ (watch) a scary movie when I __________________ (shout).
2.
While + Past Continuous: While they
_________________________________ (play) football in the park, it ______________________
(start) to rain.
3.
Acción interrumpida: The teacher ______________________
(walk) into the classroom while the students ______________________________
(shout)
4. Glosario y Verbos Útiles
|
Verbo
(Infinitivo) |
Pasado
Simple |
Gerundio
(-ing) |
Traducción |
|
Be |
Was/Were |
Being |
Ser / Estar |
|
Begin |
Began |
Beginning |
Empezar |
|
Break |
Broke |
Breaking |
Romper |
|
Buy |
Bought |
Buying |
Comprar |
|
Come |
Came |
Coming |
Venir |
|
Do |
Did |
Doing |
Hacer |
|
Eat |
Ate |
Eating |
Comer |
|
Go |
Went |
Going |
Ir |
|
Have |
Had |
Having |
Tener |
|
Read |
Read (pronunciado
'red') |
Reading |
Leer |
|
Sleep |
Slept |
Sleeping |
Dormir |
|
Study |
Studied |
Studying |
Estudiar |
Expresiones de tiempo comunes:
- Yesterday: Ayer.
- Last night / Last week: Anoche /
La semana pasada.
- "X" days ago: Hace "X" días.
- In + año: En + año (ej. In 1990).
- While / When: Mientras / Cuando.
5. Ejercicios de Práctica
Punto 1: El Pasado
Simple (Past Simple)
Usa las reglas de tu texto: verbos con "-ed", cambios de
"y" por "i", y los irregulares del glosario.
·
Afirmativa: I ______________________________ (study) for the test yesterday.
·
Negativa: She ______________________________ (not / visit) her grandmother last
weekend.
·
Interrogativa:
____________________ you ____________________ (watch) the movie?
·
Afirmativa: They ____________________ (eat) pizza last night.
·
Negativa (To Be): We ______________________________ (not / be)
sad at the party.
·
Interrogativa
(To Be): ______________________________ he happy yesterday?
·
Afirmativa: I ______________________________ (buy) a new book two days ago.
Punto 2: El Pasado
Continuo (Past Continuous)
Usa la estructura de tu guía: was/were + verbo-ing.
·
Afirmativa: I ________________________________________ (read) a book at 8 PM.
·
Negativa: They __________________________________________________ (not / watching)
TV during dinner.
·
Interrogativa: ____________________ you ________________________________________
(study) last night?
·
Afirmativa: We __________________________________________________
(have) dinner when you called.
·
Negativa: It __________________________________________________ (not / rain) this
morning.
·
Interrogativa: ____________________ she ______________________________ (sleep) at 10
PM?
·
Afirmativa: The kids __________________________________________________ (play) in
the garden.
Punto 3: Ordena las palabras
(Estructura Correcta)
Organiza los elementos para formar
oraciones coherentes en pasado simple o continuo según las estructuras del texto
1.
happy / I / yesterday / was
2.
didn't / to / party / she / the / go
3.
at / 8 PM / reading / was / a / book / I
4.
they / dinner / having / were / ?
5.
London / in / it / rain / did / ?
6.
the / birds / singing / were / outside
7.
was / when / sleeping / rang / the / phone / I
8.
not / at / home / were / we / night / last
9.
bought / book / I / new / a
10.
played / She / alone
____________________________________________________________________________
Punto 4: Encuentra el error
(Gramática)
Identifica y corrige el error basado en
las reglas de verbos regulares, irregulares y el verbo "To Be"
11.
She visit her grandmother last weekend.
12.
Did you watched the movie?
13.
They wasn't sad last night.
14.
I studyed for the test yesterday.
15.
We was having dinner when the lights went out.
16.
He not study for the exam.
17.
I goed to the park two days ago.
18.
It didn't raining this morning.
19.
Was he happyer yesterday?
20.
While they playing football, it started to rain.

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