Ejercicios: Comprensión Lectora en Inglés (PDF Para imprimir)

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Text 1: Colombia as a Country of Diversity

Colombia: A Mosaic of Cultures and Landscapes

Colombia, located in the northwestern corner of South America, is a country recognized worldwide for its incredible diversity. This richness is evident in its varied ecosystems, ranging from the snow-capped peaks of the Andes to the tropical rainforests of the Amazon, passing through the Caribbean and Pacific coasts, and the arid deserts.

This geographical diversity has given rise to an astonishing variety of flora and fauna, making Colombia one of the most biodiverse countries on the planet. Home to thousands of species of birds, orchids, butterflies, and amphibians, the country is a paradise for nature lovers.

But Colombia's diversity is not limited to its geography and biology. Its history, marked by the influence of indigenous peoples, Spanish colonization, and the arrival of Africans, has woven a rich cultural tapestry. Traditions, music, dance, gastronomy, and languages vary enormously from one region to another.

From the vibrant rhythm of the Caribbean with its cumbia and champeta, to the Andean melancholy of bambuco and pasillo, Colombian music is a reflection of its cultural mix. The gastronomy, with dishes like bandeja paisa, ajiaco santafereño, and sancocho, also showcases the diversity of ingredients and flavors from each region.

In addition to its ethnic and cultural diversity, Colombia is a country of social and economic contrasts. Despite progress in recent years, challenges persist in terms of equity and opportunities. However, the warmth and resilience of its people, along with its natural and cultural wealth, make Colombia a fascinating country full of potential.

 

Reading Comprehension Exercises (Text 1):

1. What is the main idea of the article?

 

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2. Mention three examples of Colombia's geographical diversity.

 

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3. What has contributed to Colombia's rich cultural diversity?

 

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4. Name two typical musical rhythms from the Colombian Caribbean region.

 

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5. Which dish is mentioned as an example of the gastronomy of the Andean region?

 

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6. According to the article, what makes Colombia one of the most biodiverse countries on the planet?

 

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7. What social and economic challenge is mentioned in the text about Colombia?

 

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8. What two qualities of the Colombian people are highlighted at the end of the article?

 

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9. What does the phrase "a mosaic of cultures and landscapes" mean in the context of the article?

 

 

 

 

10. What do you think is the author's main purpose in writing this article?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Text 2: Narrative Story

The morning sun filtered through the leaves of the old mango tree in the backyard, illuminating the dust motes dancing in the air. Sofia, with her eight years and inexhaustible energy, was already awake. After a quick breakfast of arepa with cheese, she ran out to meet her friends.

The neighborhood was their kingdom. The dusty streets became racetracks for their imaginary bicycles, the vacant lots were unexplored jungles, and the park with its rusty slide was the summit of a conquered mountain. They played hide-and-seek among the trees, tag until their ribs ached from laughing, and built sandcastles in the makeshift sandbox.

Afternoons were for bicycle adventures. With scraped knees as badges of honor, they explored the surroundings, discovering small streams where they splashed happily and collecting wildflowers to take to their mothers. Sometimes, Sofia's grandfather would wait for them with ripe mangoes freshly picked from the tree, and they would sit together to enjoy their sweetness in the cool shade.

Dinners were family moments around the table, sharing stories of the day and laughing heartily. Afterward, before bed, Sofia's mother would read her stories of brave princesses and talking animals, filling her imagination with wonderful worlds.

This is how Sofia's days went by, full of outdoor games, inseparable friends, a loving family, and the freedom to explore a world full of small, great adventures. It was a healthy childhood, where joy was contagious like the best of viruses, and curiosity was the engine that drove each new day.

Reading Comprehension Exercises (Text 2):

1. How did Sofia's day typically begin?

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2. What activities did Sofia do with her friends in the neighborhood? Mention at least three.

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3. What did the dusty streets and vacant lots represent for Sofia and her friends?

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4. What did the children do during the afternoons?

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5. Who would sometimes wait for the children with mangoes?

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6. What were dinners like in Sofia's family?

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7. What did Sofia's mother do before she went to sleep?

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8. What kind of childhood does the story describe?

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9. What metaphor is used in the text to describe joy?

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10. What do you think is the main message the author wants to convey with this story?

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Text 3: Technical Text about Orthostatic Hypotension Syndrome

Orthostatic hypotension syndrome (OHS), also known as postural hypotension, is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal decrease in blood pressure that occurs upon standing up after sitting or lying down. This drop in blood pressure can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, blurred vision, weakness, and even fainting.

The pathophysiology of OHS involves an inadequate response of the autonomic nervous system to changes in position. Normally, when a person stands up, gravity causes blood to pool in the legs and abdomen. The autonomic nervous system responds quickly by constricting blood vessels and increasing heart rate to maintain adequate blood flow to the brain. In individuals with OHS, this compensatory mechanism does not function properly.

The causes of OHS can be diverse. It can be primary, due to a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system itself (for example, in multiple system atrophy or pure autonomic neuropathy). It can also be secondary to other medical conditions such as diabetes, dehydration, heart failure, certain medications (such as diuretics and vasodilators), or prolonged bed rest.

The diagnosis of OHS is primarily based on the patient's medical history and the measurement of blood pressure in different positions (lying down, sitting, and standing). A decrease of at least 20 mmHg in systolic blood pressure or 10 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure within 3 minutes of standing is considered a diagnostic criterion.

The treatment of OHS focuses on alleviating symptoms and may include non-pharmacological measures such as increasing fluid and salt intake, wearing compression stockings, making slow and gradual postural changes, and avoiding alcohol and large meals. In some cases, medications to increase blood pressure may be necessary.

Reading Comprehension Exercises (Text 3):

1. What is Orthostatic Hypotension Syndrome (OHS)?

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2. What symptoms can people with OHS experience when standing up? Mention at least three.

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3. What is the main cause of the pathophysiology of OHS?

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4. What normally happens in the body when a person stands up that does not function correctly in people with OHS?

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5. Mention two possible primary causes of OHS.

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6. Name three medical conditions or factors that can cause secondary OHS.

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7. How is OHS primarily diagnosed?

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8. What change in blood pressure upon standing is considered a diagnostic criterion for OHS?

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9. Mention three non-pharmacological measures that can be used to treat OHS.

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10. What is the main goal of OHS treatment?

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