B2: Discurso indirecto (reported speech) Lección y Ejercicios + PDF

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Gramática B2: Discurso Indirecto (Reported Speech)

El discurso indirecto, también conocido como estilo indirecto o reported speech, se utiliza para contar lo que alguien más ha dicho sin usar sus palabras exactas. Es importante entender las reglas de transformación para usarlo correctamente.

Cambios Principales al Pasar a Discurso Indirecto

Cuando pasamos del discurso directo al indirecto, generalmente ocurren los siguientes cambios:

1. Cambio en los tiempos verbales: El tiempo verbal de la oración original suele retroceder un tiempo.
2. Cambio en los pronombres: Los pronombres personales y posesivos pueden cambiar según quién está reportando el discurso.
3. Cambio en los adverbios de tiempo y lugar: Algunas expresiones de tiempo y lugar también cambian.

Reportar Afirmaciones

Para reportar afirmaciones, usamos el verbo "say" o "tell" (generalmente con un objeto si indicamos a quién se le dijo) seguido de "that".

Discurso Directo	Discurso Indirecto
"I am tired," she said.	She said that she was tired.
"We will go to the party," they said.	They said that they would go to the party.

Reportar Preguntas

Para reportar preguntas, usamos el verbo "ask".

Preguntas Sí/No

Usamos "if" o "whether" después de "ask".

Discurso Directo	Discurso Indirecto
"Are you coming?" he asked.	He asked if/whether I was coming.
"Have you seen my keys?" she asked me.	She asked me if/whether I had seen her keys.

Preguntas con Palabras Interrogativas (wh-)

Mantenemos la palabra interrogativa (who, what, where, when, why, how).

Discurso Directo	Discurso Indirecto
"Where is the station?" she asked.	She asked where the station was.
"What time does the train leave?" he asked me.	He asked me what time the train left.

Reportar Órdenes y Peticiones

Para reportar órdenes y peticiones, usamos el verbo "tell" o "ask" seguido de "to" + infinitivo (para órdenes positivas) o "not to" + infinitivo (para órdenes negativas).

Discurso Directo	Discurso Indirecto
"Open the door," he said to me.	He told me to open the door.
"Please, help me," she asked.	She asked me to help her.
"Don't go there," they said.	They told us not to go there.

Tabla de Cambios de Tiempos Verbales Comunes

Tiempo Verbal en Discurso Directo	Tiempo Verbal en Discurso Indirecto
Presente Simple	Pasado Simple
Presente Continuo	Pasado Continuo
Pasado Simple	Pasado Perfecto Simple
Presente Perfecto Simple	Pasado Perfecto Simple
Presente Perfecto Continuo	Pasado Perfecto Continuo
Pasado Continuo	Pasado Perfecto Continuo
will	would
can	could
may	might
must	had to

Ejercicio 1: Transforma las siguientes oraciones al discurso indirecto.

1. She said, "I am going to the cinema."
   She said that .
2. He asked, "Do you like pizza?"
   He asked me .
3. They told us, "Wait for us here."
   They told us .
4. "What is your name?" she asked me.
   She asked me .
5. He said, "I have finished my homework."
   He said that .

Ejercicio 2: Elige la opción correcta para completar la oración en discurso indirecto.

1. He said that he (is / was / were) very busy.
2. She asked me if I (have seen / had seen / see) her new car.
3. They told us not (go / to go / going) near the lake.
4. She wanted to know what time (the meeting starts / does the meeting start / the meeting started).
5. He said that they (will / would / can) arrive tomorrow.

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